Pembangunan Kawasan Gerbangkertasusila Mempertimbangkan Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Spasial
Widya Anggraini, Surabaya Community Manager
Surabaya, 24 November 2015
Urbanisasi memberikan dampak yang signifikan dalam perkembangan perkotaan baik positif maupun negatif. Perkembangan kawasan perkotaan akibat urbanisasi di Surabaya dalam skala yang besar telah memperngaruhi kota-kota disekitarnya yang kerap disebut dengan Gerbangkertasusila Plus (Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Sidoarjo, Lamongan, Bojonegoro, Tuban, Jombang dan Pasuruan). Kawasan ini terpisah secara administratif, namun secara fisik, ekonomi dan sosial menyatu akibat perkembangan ekonomi kota Surabaya. Pertumbuhan industri di metropolitan Surabaya mendorong beberapa kota pinggiran mengalami perkembangan pesat. Namun demikian beberapa kota belum memiliki manajemen perkotaan baik sebab belum mempertimbangkan perkembangan sosial ekonomi dan spasialnya dalam proses perencanaannya.
Perkembangan Kota Surabaya kearah pinggiran ditunjukkan dengan pertumbuhan pesat kota-kota yang berbatasan langsung. Misalnya kawasan perbatasan Surabaya–Mojokerto merupakan daerah dengan aktivitas industri cukup pesat. Akibatnya wilayah tersebut mengalami peralihan fungsi dari lahan pertanian atau tambak menjadi perumahan dan industri sehingga urbanisasi terjadi secara cepat seiring dengan perkembangan industri di kota Surabaya. Ini apa yang kita sebut dengan spill-over effect. Proses industrialisasi ini membutuhkan tenaga kerja yang berasal dari luar wilayah kota sehingga beberapa koridor kian padat penduduknya. Akibatnya Kota sekitar yang menerima efek spill-over juga harus menyesuaikan diri terhadap perubahan yang terjadi.
Pengelolaan kawasan Gerbangkartasusila plus sebagai kawasan mega urbanisasi perlu dilakukan secara terpadu agar perencanaan lebih sensitive terhadap kebutuhan daerah dan pelaksanaannya perlu diterjemahkan ke dalam rencana sektoral dengan memperhatikan keterpaduan wilayah yang meletakkan Surabaya sebagai kota utama. Dinamika sosial ekonomi dan spasial yang berbeda antar kota memerlukan sebuah pendekatan fisik dan non-fisik dalam pengendalian perkembangan kawasan. Pendekatan non fisik misalnya pada tersedianya kebijakan yang lintas sektoral, ramah lingkungan dan menyeimbangkan kepentingan antara swasta, pemerintah dan masyarakat; proses perencanaan yang memperhatiakan aspek spasial dan a-spasial; tata ruang yang terintegrasi dengan lingkungan hidup dan bersifat berkelanjutan serta berorientasi masa depan, proses perijinan yang efektif, efisien dan berkeadilan serta perlunya insentif dan disinfektif.
Sementara itu pengendalaian perkembangan kawasan secara fisik diperlukan adanya dukungan prasarana yang terhubung antar kabupaten/kota seperti tersedianya Mass Rapid transportation system dan fasilitas lain yang lintas kota/kab. Selain itu juga dibutuhkan pembangunan infrastruktur dan fasilitas skala regional. Pertimbangan terhadap potensi ekonomi dan lingkungan hidup diperlukan sebagai bahan analisa pola perkembangan yang terjadi di kawasan gerbangkartasusila plus. Koordinasi antar kota juga penting untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antar kawasan. Pemkot Surabaya memegang peran kunci dalam mengawasi pembangunan antar kawasan ini. Close.
Permalink to this discussion: http://urb.im/c1511
Permalink to this post: http://urb.im/ca1511sui
Coordinating the development of Surabaya’s surrounding cities
Widya Anggraini, Surabaya Community Manager
Urbanization significantly impacts city development in both positive and negative ways. The development of Surabaya due to large-scale urbanization has been affecting nearby cities, now called Gerbangkertasusila Plus (Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Sidoarjo, Lamongan, Bojonegoro, Tuban, Jombang and Pasuruan). These cities are administratively separate, although physically, economically, and socially integrated due to the rapid development of Surabaya. Industrial growth in Surabaya has fostered the development of neighboring cities. However, several cities do not yet have proper city management, nor do they include economic and social developments in their spatial planning.
Developments towards the outskirts of Surabaya are indicated by the rapid growth of bordering cities. For example the Surabaya-Mojokerto border is an area with rapid industrial growth. As a result, these areas experienced a shift of function from agricultural and rice farming to housing and industry. This is what we call with a spill-over effect. This industrialization process requires workers coming from neighboring cities, which has inevitably led to increased population. Hence, outskirt cities that receive spill-over effects need to adjust to these changes and plan better to integrate social and economic dynamics.
Management of Gerbangkertasusila Plus as a mega-urbanization area needs to be integrated so that planning is more sensitive to local needs. The implementation should also be translated into sectorial plans by considering the integration of outskirt cities that put Surabaya as the main city. Differences in socio-economics and spatial dynamics between cities require a physical and non-physical approach in controlling the development of the region. A non-physical approach usually relates to issues such as availability of cross-sectorial policy; balance of interests among private, government, and civil society; planning processes that consider spatial and a-spatial aspects; spatial planning that considers the environment; and the need of incentives and disincentives to apply development policies. Meanwhile, a physical approach is more related to infrastructure available, such as mass rapid transit (MRT), bus rapid transit (BRT) system, or other facilities that cross the city.
Spatial planning that considers social and economic development with a physical and non-physical approach should remain the center of policy-making. Currently, three suburb cities, Pasuruan, Sidoarjo and Mojokerto, are identified as having the area and proximity to Surabaya so that economic spill over is easier. These cities then began to develop industrial estate areas. Conversion of productive land due to the expansion of the industrial area is significant. However, the provision of urban Infrastructure remains low and so does accessibility due environmental disasters from mud. The population growth rate is quite high in this area, which has been anticipated by the government. It has been building low-cost residential housing. Infrastructure is now also being developed by first assessing how many commuters there are per day and how this infrastructure is able to transfer people more efficiently. Hence, coordination between governments is important to look at how each areas can link and support each other. Consideration of the social and economic potential as well as of the environment is needed to analyze the development patterns in Gerbangkertasusila Plus. Surabaya city government holds an important role in overseeing this process to ensure that every bordering city is linked and benefits from the development.
Permalink to this discussion: http://urb.im/c1511
Permalink to this post: http://urb.im/ca1511sui
